Pituitary Diseases
| Definition: |
Disorders of the anterior or posterior pituitary gland which usually manifest as hypersecretion or hyposecretion of pituitary hormones. Pituitary mass lesions may also produce compression of the OPTIC CHIASM and other adjacent structures. |
| Notes: |
GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; coord IM with specific part of pituitary (IM); PITUITARY APOPLEXY is available |
| Also Called: |
Anterior Pituitary Diseases,Posterior Pituitary Diseases |
Pituitary Diseases Categories.
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Empty Sella Syndrome - A condition associated with underdevelopment or absence of the diaphragma sellae which allows herniation of the meninges into the SELLA TURCICA. The pituitary gland becomes compressed against the walls of the sella and the sella may enlarge. Female gender; OBESITY; PSEUDOTUMOR CEREBRI; and pituitary ADENOMA are associated with this condition, which may present with HEADACHE. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch36, p85) |
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Hyperpituitarism - Inappropriate secretion of anterior pituitary gland hormones. The most common hormones involved in over-secretion are GROWTH HORMONE (which may cause ACROMEGALY) and PROLACTIN (which results in HYPERPROLACTINEMIA). THYROTROPIN; luteinizing hormone (LH); CORTICOTROPIN; and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE may also be secreted at inappropriate levels. Hypersecretion syndromes are frequently associated with the presence of a pituitary ADENOMA (see also PITUITARY NEOPLASMS). |
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Hypopituitarism - Diminution or cessation of secretion of one or more hormones from the anterior pituitary gland (including LH; FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE; SOMATOTROPIN; and CORTICOTROPIN). This may result from surgical or radiation ablation, non-secretory PITUITARY NEOPLASMS, metastatic tumors, infarction, PITUITARY APOPLEXY, infiltrative or granulomatous processes, and other conditions. |
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Inappropriate ADH Syndrome - Hyponatremia and renal salt loss attributed to overexpansion of body fluids resulting from sustained release of VASOPRESSINS (i.e., antiduretic hormone) despite the absence of appropriate stimuli. Associated conditions include medication effect; MENINGITIS; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS; HYDROCEPHALUS; PNEUMONIA; ASTHMA; THYROID DISEASES; and other conditions. This condition may also be idiopathic or result from ectopic (extra-pituitary) production of ADH. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch36, pp59-62) |
Pituitary Diseases Definitions and Terms
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