Sulfonamides
| Definition: |
A group of compounds that contain the structure SO2NH2. Members of this group, also known as sulfa drugs, are derivatives of sulfanilamide, which competitively inhibit folic acid synthesis in microorganisms, and are bacteriostatic. They have been largely supplanted by more effective and less toxic antibiotics. (From Dorland, 28th ed) |
| Notes: |
anti-infective agents |
| Also Called: |
Sulfonamide Mixtures |
Sulfonamides Categories.
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Benzolamide - Selective renal carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. It may also be of use in certain cases of respiratory failure. |
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Bumetanide - A sulfamyl diuretic. |
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Chloramines |
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Chlorthalidone - A diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of the thiazide diuretics even though it does not contain a thiazide ring system. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p813) |
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Clopamide - A diuretic with properties similar to those of the THIAZIDE DIURETICS even though it does not contain a thiazide ring system. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p813) |
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Dichlorphenamide - A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of glaucoma. |
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Ethoxzolamide - A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used as diuretic and in glaucoma. It may cause hypokalemia. |
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Indapamide - A sulfamyl diuretic with about 16x the effect of furosemide. It has also been shown to be an effective antihypertensive agent in the clinic. |
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Mafenide - A sulfonamide that inhibits the enzyme carbonic anhydrase and is used as topical anti-infective, especially in burn therapy. |
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Mefruside - A diuretic that affects the concentrating ability of the kidney, increases sodium chloride excretion, but may not spare potassium. It inhibits carbonic anhydrases and may increase the blood uric acid level. |
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Metolazone - A potent, long acting diuretic useful in chronic renal disease. It also tends to lower blood pressure and increase potassium loss. |
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Probenecid - The prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy. |
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Sulfanilamides |
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Sulfasalazine - A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see MESALAMINE) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907) |
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Sumatriptan - A serotonin agonist that acts selectively at 5HT1 receptors. It is used in the treatment of migraines. |
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Xipamide - Sulfamoyl diuretic and saluretic with antihypertensive activity. It is bound to plasma proteins, thus has a delayed onset and prolonged action. |
Sulfonamides Definitions and Terms
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